Polarized America Chapter 2 Figures and Tables
Figure 2.1: Classification of Roll Call Votes: 1877-2004
Figure 2.2: Classification Gain of Second Dimension
Figure 2.3: Party Means in the U.S. House by Region
Figure 2.4: Party Means in the U.S. Senate by Region
Figure 2.5: Standard Deviations of House NOMINATE Positions
Figure 2.6: Standard Deviations of Senate NOMINATE Positions
Figure 2.7: Average Two-Dimensional Distances in the House
Figure 2.8: Average Two-Dimensional Distances in the Senate
Figure 2.9: Party Overlap in Congress
Figure 2.10: Distribution of Ideal Points 108th House (2003-04)
Table 2.1: Determinants of NOMINATE Scores,
108th House (2003-04)
Table 2.2: Determinants of NOMINATE Scores,
103rd House (1993-94)
Table 2.3: Determinants of NOMINATE Scores,
98th House (1983-84)
Table 2.4: Determinants of NOMINATE Scores,
93rd House (1973-74)
Figure 2.11: Explanatory Power of Regression Models in Tables 2.1 - 2.4
Figure 2.12: Effect of District Income on Left-Right Position
Figure 2.13: Partisan Difference on Left-Right Scale
Figure 2.14: Difference in Republican Two-Party Vote Between South and
North, 1948 - 2004
Figure 2.15: Republican Percentage of Seats in U.S. Senate
Figure 2.16: Republican Percentage of Seats in U.S. House
Figure 2.17: Republican Percentage of Seats in State Legislatures
Table 2.5: Income and Party in Southern House Seats
Figure 2.18: Southern Effect on Polarization in U.S. House, 1879 - 2001
Figure 2.19A: Civil Rights, 1937 - 2000
Figure 2.19B: Labor and Minimum Wage Votes, 1937 - 2000
Figure 2.19C: Government Management Votes, 1937 - 2000
Table 2.6: Roll Call Weights
Table 2.7: Comparison of Actual and Simulated Polarization Measures
Figure 2.20: Cutpoint Models
Figure 2.21: Classification Gain, One Cutpoint versus Two Cutpoints
Table 2.8: Mean NOMINATE Positions Following Reapportionment
Figure 2.22A: Distribution of the 2000 Bush Two-Party Vote by Counties
and Districts
Figure 2.22B: Distribution of the 1992 Bush Two-Party Vote by Counties
and Districts
Figure 2.22C: Distribution of the 1980 Reagan Two-Party Vote by Counties
and Districts
Figure 2.22D: Distribution of the 1972 Nixon Two-Party Vote by Counties
and Districts
Table 2.9: Change in Senate Polarization
Table 2.10: Effect of Primary System on House Polarization:
Mean NOMINATE Position by Party
Table 2.11: Effect of Primary System on Senate Polarization:
Mean NOMINATE Position by Party
Table 2.12: Change in Polarization Since 1972 by Election Type